CRT is a defossilisation architecture rather than a standalone technology.

CEWT Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) is a system architecture designed to deliver industrial defossilisation through the integration of renewable hydrogen, carbon recycling, power generation, and fuel production. CRT is founded on five key principles: 1. Circular Carbon Economy o CO₂ is treated as a recyclable process material rather than a waste stream. 2. Renewable Hydrogen Integration o Renewable hydrogen provides the energy input that drives the carbon recycling cycle. 3. Renewable Energy Utilisation o Renewable electricity is converted into storable and dispatchable energy forms. 4. Firm Baseload Power o CRT integrates renewable and conventional energy infrastructure to provide reliable, dispatchable power. 5. System-Level Defossilisation o The objective is not merely emissions reduction but the progressive replacement of fossil-carbon dependence across industrial systems. Intended Outcomes • Near-zero or zero-emission energy pathways (depending on system boundaries and capture efficiency). • Productive utilisation and recycling of CO₂. • Renewable hydrogen deployment at industrial scale. • Firm and dispatchable power generation. • Renewable gas production compatible with existing energy infrastructure. • Improved energy security and resilience. • Support for industrial decarbonisation and circular economy objectives. • A practical pathway toward economy-wide defossilisation. Why CRT Matters CRT is not simply a hydrogen project, a carbon-capture project, or a renewable-energy project. It is an integrated energy-system architecture that combines these elements into a single framework designed to deliver: • Energy security, • Industrial competitiveness, • Emissions reduction, • Circular carbon utilisation, • Renewable energy integration, • And long-term economic resilience. CRT is a defossilisation architecture rather than a standalone technology.

CEWT TriGen Pilot – Key Differentiator Summary

Most distributed power solutions for data centres focus primarily on low-emission power generation. CEWT TriGen extends this concept by integrating power generation, cooling, thermal recovery, renewable hydrogen, CO₂ capture, and renewable gas (RNG) production into a single system architecture. Key Differentiators of CEWT TriGen: • Power Generation – Provides reliable dispatchable power for data-centre applications. • Cooling Integration – Utilises recovered thermal energy to support absorption cooling systems. • Waste Heat Recovery – Improves overall system efficiency through thermal integration. • Renewable Hydrogen Integration – Incorporates renewable hydrogen as part of the carbon recycling process. • CO₂ Capture – Recovers CO₂ generated during power production. • CO₂ Utilisation – Uses captured CO₂ as a feedstock rather than treating it as waste. • Renewable Gas (RNG) Production – Converts captured CO₂ and renewable hydrogen into renewable gas. • Closed Carbon Loop – Creates a pathway toward circular carbon utilisation rather than one-way emissions. Strategic Positioning: Most data-centre energy solutions stop at power generation. CEWT TriGen extends the value chain by recovering thermal energy for cooling and recycling captured CO₂ into renewable gas, creating a pathway toward a circular carbon energy system. For data-centre operators, this architecture addresses several emerging challenges: • Reliable 24/7 power availability • Growing cooling demand • Fuel security and resilience • Carbon footprint reduction • ESG and sustainability objectives • Future carbon-management requirements The primary differentiator is not the engine itself but the integrated system architecture. CEWT TriGen combines power generation, cooling, CO₂ recovery, renewable hydrogen, and renewable gas production into a single platform, consistent with CEWT’s broader Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) vision of defossilisation through system-level integration.

CRT Reflection on GE Vernova Aero-Derivative Decarbonisation Strategy

CRT Reflection on GE Vernova Aero-Derivative Decarbonisation Strategy An important strategic observation from GE Vernova’s recent paper, “Navigating the Journey to Decarbonization and Grid Stability,” is that the global energy transition is increasingly moving toward integrated system architectures rather than isolated technologies. The paper strongly emphasizes: • Grid stability and synchronous inertia, • Fast-response aero-derivative gas turbines, • Hybrid renewable systems, • Hydrogen integration, • Long-duration energy balancing, • Data-center and industrial power reliability, • And modular decarbonisation infrastructure. What is particularly interesting is that GE Vernova appears to view aero-derivative gas turbines such as the LM2500XPRESS and LM6000 as the backbone of future grid-firming and hybrid energy systems. The paper repeatedly highlights a growing concern: High penetration of inverter-based renewable systems may create grid fragility, RoCoF instability, and blackout risks without sufficient synchronous support. This is a very important systems-level observation. The future may not simply depend on adding more renewable generation capacity alone, but on how intelligently: • generation, • storage, • grid inertia, • fuels, • thermal systems, • and industrial energy infrastructure are integrated together. For CEWT’s Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT), this is a significant strategic insight. CRT does not fundamentally depend on the type or size of power generator. Instead, CRT can operate as a modular decarbonisation architecture layered around different energy systems including: • aero-derivative turbines, • gas engines, • industrial plants, • microgrids, • data centers, • and future hybrid industrial hubs. This creates the possibility of a new pathway: Modular Decarbonisation Hubs A future integrated CRT platform could potentially combine: • LM2500XPRESS aero turbines, • renewable energy, • electrolysers, • hydrogen balancing, • CO₂ capture, • methanation, • RNG recycling, • thermal integration, • trigeneration, • desalination, • and industrial process heat. The deeper lesson may be this: The future of decarbonisation may not belong to standalone technologies, but to integrated energy architectures capable of simultaneously delivering: • reliability, • affordability, • flexibility, • resilience, • and carbon circularity. In that sense, the transition is increasingly evolving from: “technology substitution” toward: “system redesign.”

CEWT Trigen for Data Centres – Strategic Storyline

CEWT Trigen for Data Centres – Strategic Storyline

The AI revolution is creating a new infrastructure reality. Data centres are no longer simple buildings filled with servers. They are rapidly becoming critical national infrastructure — consuming enormous amounts of continuous electricity, cooling, backup power, and network resilience simultaneously. As AI demand accelerates globally, a deeper problem is emerging: the grid itself is becoming the bottleneck. Across many countries: • transmission capacity is constrained, • grid connection timelines are extending, • electricity prices are rising, • and reliability concerns are increasing. This is why even nuclear energy is now being openly discussed for future data-centre power supply. But the real issue is larger than electricity generation alone. The future challenge is: how to provide continuous, reliable, low-emission industrial energy infrastructure at scale. This is where CEWT’s Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) introduces a different pathway. Instead of treating: • power generation, • carbon emissions, • fuel supply, • heat, • and infrastructure resilience as separate systems, CRT integrates them into a single circular energy architecture. The concept is simple but powerful: Renewable electricity produces hydrogen. Captured CO₂ is recycled together with hydrogen to produce renewable synthetic methane gas (RNG). The RNG then provides firm, dispatchable power for continuous infrastructure such as data centres. The CO₂ produced is recaptured and recycled again — creating a closed carbon loop. This transforms carbon from a waste emission into a recyclable energy carrier. The result is not simply “renewable electricity.” It is: • firm power, • thermal integration, • potential cooling integration, • infrastructure resilience, • and defossilisation as a system outcome. Most importantly: CRT enables the possibility of grid-independent or grid-supported energy systems for high-demand facilities. In a world where hyperscale AI infrastructure is increasingly constrained by grid limitations, this becomes strategically important. The transition is therefore no longer only about: adding renewables. It is increasingly about: redesigning energy infrastructure architectures themselves. CEWT’s Trigen approach positions CRT not merely as a power technology, but as an integrated infrastructure platform for the next generation of: • AI data centres, • industrial hubs, • advanced manufacturing, • and resilient energy systems. The future may not belong solely to: “electrification.” It may belong to integrated energy architectures capable of delivering: continuous power, thermal stability, carbon circularity, and infrastructure independence simultaneously.

CEWT – ZEPS® Platform

CEWT – ZEPS® Platform (Zero Emission Power and Steel) Using Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) as the Core System Architecture 1. Introduction The global energy transition is entering a new phase. The challenge is no longer simply reducing emissions from individual sectors. The challenge is now systemic: how to simultaneously decarbonise and defossilise power generation, steelmaking, transport, and marine fuels while maintaining industrial reliability, economic competitiveness, and energy security. Clean Energy and Water Technologies Pty Ltd (CEWT) proposes the ZEPS® Platform — Zero Emission Power and Steel — built around Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) as an integrated energy and industrial architecture. ZEPS® is not merely a standalone technology solution. It is a system-level platform designed to create a circular carbon economy where renewable electricity, hydrogen, captured CO₂, industrial heat, and renewable fuels operate together as a unified industrial ecosystem. 2. Why ZEPS® Matters Traditional decarbonisation approaches often treat sectors independently: • Power generation • Steelmaking • Transport • Shipping • Industrial heat However, these sectors are deeply interconnected through energy flows, thermal integration, fuel systems, and infrastructure dependencies. The ZEPS® platform recognises that the future transition cannot be solved through isolated technologies alone. Instead, it requires integrated system architecture capable of: • Producing reliable zero-emission power • Supplying industrial heat • Producing renewable fuels • Supporting steel production • Enabling long-duration energy storage • Supporting transport and marine decarbonisation • Recycling carbon rather than continuously extracting fossil carbon This is where CRT becomes the enabling core architecture. 3. CRT as the Core Architecture Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) creates a closed carbon loop. Renewable electricity is used to generate hydrogen. Captured CO₂ is combined with hydrogen through methanation to produce Renewable Natural Gas (RNG). When RNG is used in power generation or industrial systems, CO₂ is produced again, captured again, and recycled continuously. In this architecture: • Hydrogen becomes the energy input • Carbon becomes the recyclable carrier • Renewable electricity becomes dispatchable industrial energy • Fossil dependency is progressively eliminated CRT therefore goes beyond “decarbonisation.” It creates a pathway toward “defossilisation” — the removal of continuous dependence on fossil fuel extraction. 4. The ZEPS® Platform The ZEPS® platform integrates multiple industrial sectors into one coordinated system: A. Zero Emission Power • Renewable electricity integrated with CRT • Dispatchable baseload power generation • Grid stability support • Long-duration energy balancing • Reduced dependence on imported fossil fuels B. Zero Emission Steel • Integration with DRI (Direct Reduced Iron) systems • Hydrogen-rich reducing gases • Renewable methane integration • Industrial heat continuity • Lower emissions steel production pathways C. Transport Fuels • Renewable methane for heavy transport • Existing gas infrastructure compatibility • Reduced transition friction for trucking and logistics sectors • Lower lifecycle carbon intensity D. Marine Fuel Applications • Renewable methane as a scalable marine fuel • Potential compatibility with LNG-based marine infrastructure • Reduced maritime emissions • Improved fuel security for shipping corridors E. Industrial Heat • Continuous high-temperature energy supply • Thermal integration for industrial clusters • Enhanced energy efficiency • Reduced process instability 5. From Energy Transition to System Transition One of the greatest challenges facing industrial decarbonisation is intermittency. Heavy industries such as steel, refining, desalination, chemicals, and shipping require continuous energy availability. Electricity-only approaches may struggle to provide: • Long-duration storage • High-temperature heat • Fuel flexibility • Seasonal energy balancing • Industrial continuity The ZEPS® platform addresses this challenge through renewable fuel circularity and carbon recycling. This transforms renewable energy from intermittent electricity into reliable industrial infrastructure. 6. Decarbonisation vs Defossilisation The term “decarbonisation” focuses primarily on reducing emissions. The term “defossilisation” goes further. Defossilisation means removing structural dependence on fossil carbon extraction itself. This distinction is critical. A system may reduce emissions temporarily while still remaining fundamentally dependent on fossil fuel extraction, fuel imports, geopolitical fuel risk, and volatile hydrocarbon pricing. The ZEPS® platform aims to structurally replace this dependency by creating renewable circular fuel systems. This is why CRT represents not merely an emissions technology — but an industrial architecture for long-term energy sovereignty and resilience. 7. Economic and Strategic Implications The implications extend beyond emissions reduction. The ZEPS® platform has potential to support: • Industrial competitiveness • Domestic fuel security • Grid resilience • Strategic manufacturing • Export competitiveness • Circular carbon economies • Long-term energy stability Countries capable of integrating renewable power, industrial heat, steelmaking, and transport fuels into unified systems may become the industrial leaders of the next energy era. 8. Conclusion The energy transition is increasingly revealing a deeper truth: The future will not be shaped by isolated technologies alone. It will be shaped by integrated system architecture. The ZEPS® Platform positions CEWT’s Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) as the enabling core for a new industrial energy model — one capable of simultaneously supporting: • zero-emission power, • zero-emission steel, • renewable transport fuels, • marine fuel applications, • and long-term industrial resilience. This is not only a pathway to decarbonisation. It is a pathway toward defossilisation. Prepared by Clean Energy and Water Technologies Pty Ltd (CEWT) 2026