Hydrogen combustion limitations and CRT

TECHNICAL NOTE — Hydrogen Combustion Limitations and CRT Global Significance Clean Energy and Water Technologies (CEWT) 1) Hydrogen Combustion Limitations Hydrogen is often regarded as the ultimate clean fuel, but it poses significant challenges for continuous, large-scale power generation. Because hydrogen has a very low volumetric energy density, turbines sized for pure H₂ require larger footprints and specialised components. Even leading OEMs (e.g., GE and Siemens) continue to refine burner designs (diffusion/lean systems) to ensure stable flame propagation and avoid flashback under high-H₂ operation. The cost of renewable hydrogen is inherently tied to the intermittency of renewable electricity and the need for large-scale storage. Gas turbines, however, are designed for 24×7 operation, creating a mismatch between hydrogen availability and grid reliability. Additionally, hydrogen combustion emits water vapour (H₂O), which is a potent greenhouse gas at altitude; atmospheric research (e.g., NASA studies) highlights that increased highaltitude H₂O can amplify warming effects. 2) The CRT Advantage Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) integrates captured CO₂ with renewable hydrogen to produce Renewable Methane (RNG) via methanation. RNG enables stable turbine combustion, continuous baseload output, and a closed carbon loop with zero fossil input (except start-up). By converting variable renewable inputs into a storable, grid-compatible fuel, CRT delivers firm, dispatchable, zero-emission power while recycling carbon instead of storing it. 3) Practical Limitation of Hydrogen Pathways and Global Planning Theoretical feasibility does not guarantee practical viability. Even if OEMs deploy 100% hydrogen turbines, the true cost of renewable hydrogen plus storage will depend on global deployment density and the break-even capacity achieved across many installations. Because renewable hydrogen production is intermittent, the levelised cost of continuous 24×7 hydrogen supply will remain uncertain for years. Without a clear, stable hydrogen cost base, countries cannot reliably plan or commit to specific CO₂-reduction percentages by 2035/2040/2050 through hydrogen pathways alone. This is precisely where CRT becomes indispensable. By converting CO₂ and renewable H₂ into RNG, CRT creates a stable, dispatchable, and circular energy cycle. It offers a realistic, measurable pathway for nations to achieve net zero — not through promises, but through engineering. Perpetual Carbon Loop — Powering the Clean Energy Future.