Correct Power-system Sequencing :Firming first

Correct Power-System Sequencing: Firming First A reliable, affordable, low-emissions grid is built by sequencing infrastructure correctly. Firming is not a backup — it is part of the primary system. STEP SYSTEM ELEMENT PURPOSE 1 Define system requirements MW, MWh, ramp rates, inertia, seasonal balance 2 Build firm dispatchable capacity 24/7 reliability, peak coverage, contingency response 3 Secure firming fuel Gas supply or renewable fuels for dispatch certainty 4 Scale renewables within firming envelope Low-cost energy without destabilising prices 5 Targeted transmission upgrades Connect firming, renewables, and load efficiently 6 Decarbonise firming fuels (CRT) Maintain stability while eliminating fossil inputs Key Insight: When renewables are built ahead of firming, scarcity sets prices and emergency interventions replace proper dispatch. When firming is built first, renewables reduce prices as intended. CRT role: Carbon Recycling Technology decarbonises firming fuels last — after system stability is secured — using the same dispatch logic, assets, and reliability standards.