How renewable Hydrogen is generated 24/7 ?

 Green Hydrogen Baseload Briefing – Comparison, Analysis & CRT Solution

A) Comparison Table – Global Green Hydrogen Projects & Baseload Strategy

Global observations: No major project today achieves true 24/7 renewable baseload power

for electrolysers. Most rely on grid stabilisation, PPAs, or hybrid renewable systems.

PROJECT | ELECTROLYSER SIZE | POWER SOURCE | TRUE 24/7 BASELOAD? | NOTES

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NEOM (Saudi Arabia) | ~600 MW electrolysis (4 GW renewables) | Dedicated solar + wind +

storage | Closest, but unproven | Not yet operating; hybrid smoothing still required.

Shell Holland Hydrogen 1 | 200 MW | Offshore wind | No | Variability requires modulation

or grid fallback.

REFHYNE 2 (Germany) | 100 MW | Grid + solar/wind PPAs | No | Renewable claims via

certificates; physical baseload from grid.

Iberdrola Puertollano (Spain) | 20 MW | 100 MW solar + 20 MWh battery | No | Solar-only

cannot supply night-time; the grid may supplement.

Air Liquide Normandy | 200 MW | Grid + PPAs | No | Commercial reliance on grid stability.

Denham H2 Microgrid (WA) | 250 kW | Solar + H2 storage | Micro-scale only | Demonstrates

concept, not industrially scalable.

B) CEWT Briefing Note – Why Global Green Hydrogen Projects Still Struggle

With Baseload & How CRT Solves It

1. Global Baseload Challenge

Electrolysers require stable, continuous power for economic operation. Pure wind/solar

cannot meet 24/7 requirements due to intermittency and storage limitations.

2. Current Industry Workarounds

- Grid supply (common)

- PPAs for 'book-and-claim' renewable matching

- Hybrid wind+solar systems with limited storage

None delivers a true physical baseload.

3. Lack of Large-Scale Success

NEOM, Shell Holland, REFHYNE, and others are not yet demonstrating 24/7 renewable energy

electrolysis.

4. How CRT Solves the Gap

CRT produces renewable methane (RNG) that can be stored and used in a zero-emission

combined-cycle system to provide continuous power:

- Baseload renewable electricity

- Long-duration energy storage in carbon form

- High utilisation electrolysers, lowering cost/kg H2

5. Strategic Advantage for WA

CRT enables firm, renewable baseload power co-located with hydrogen hubs, unlocking

green steel, ammonia, and critical minerals.

C) Executive Summary Paragraph

Today, no large-scale green hydrogen project globally operates on genuine 24/7 renewable

baseload power. All depend on the grid, PPAs, or hybrid wind–solar systems that remain

intermittent. CEWT’s Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) fills this global gap by producing

a storable renewable fuel that drives a zero-emission combined-cycle plant, delivering true

renewable baseload electricity and enabling electrolysers to run at high utilisation—a capability unmatched internationally!

 Clean Energy & Water Technologies (CEWT) – White Paper

© 2025 Clean Energy & Water Technologies Pty Ltd – CEWT Blue Edition (RSMG Version)

RSMG as a Renewable Fuel

CEWT Policy White Paper (2025)

Executive Summary

Australia is entering a decisive decade where electrification alone cannot deliver deep

industrial decarbonisation. Heavy industry, steelmaking, mining, and baseload power

generation require renewable, storable, dispatchable fuels that work within existing

thermal systems.

Renewable Synthetic Methane Gas (RSMG)—produced from captured CO2 and renewable

hydrogen through CEWT’s Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT)—provides Australia with a

new class of zero‐fossil‐input, closed‐loop, perpetual renewable fuel.

This white paper outlines the scientific, policy, and regulatory basis for recognising RSMG as

an eligible renewable fuel under the Product Guarantee of Origin (PGO) scheme.

1. Introduction: The Need for Renewable Fuels Beyond Electricity

Electrification cannot support:

• 24/7 industrial power

• Firming and grid stability

• High‐temperature industrial heat

• Non‐electrifiable processes

• Large‐scale energy storage

RSMG fills these gaps using existing gas infrastructure and renewable hydrogen inputs.

Clean Energy & Water Technologies (CEWT) – White Paper

© 2025 Clean Energy & Water Technologies Pty Ltd – CEWT Blue Edition (RSMG Version)

2. What is RSMG Under CEWT’s Carbon Recycling Technology?

RSMG under CRT is produced from captured CO2 and renewable hydrogen.

This forms a perpetual carbon loop:

Combustion → CO2 → Capture → Methanation → RSMG → Combustion.

Hydrogen provides the energy. Carbon atoms recycle indefinitely.

3. Why RSMG Must Be Recognised as a Renewable Fuel

• Zero fossil inputs

• Aligned with global synthetic methane definitions

• Compatible with turbines, pipelines, LNG, and industrial furnaces

• Provides dispatchable renewable energy

• Enables deep decarbonisation across steel, alumina, cement, and mining

4. CEWT CRT and the GO Framework

PGO is the correct certification pathway because RSMG is a renewable manufactured

product with clear system boundaries. CRT provides a complete, verifiable methodology for

renewable methane certification.

5. Alignment with Australia’s Net Zero Plan (2025)

RSMG advances all national priorities:

1. Clean electricity across the economy

2. Electrification and efficiency

Clean Energy & Water Technologies (CEWT) – White Paper

© 2025 Clean Energy & Water Technologies Pty Ltd – CEWT Blue Edition (RSMG Version)

3. Expansion of clean fuels

4. Acceleration of new technologies

5. Large‐scale carbon removals

6. Strategic Advantages for Australia

• Establishes Australia as the first nation to certify renewable synthetic methane

• Enables green steel, green metals, and renewable industrial heat

• Strengthens national energy security

• Creates renewable, storable baseload power

• Opens export markets for certified RSMG

7. CRT as the Foundation Methodology

CRT is mass‐balanced, closed‐loop, zero‐fossil, industrial‐scale, infrastructure‐compatible

and ready for regulatory adoption.

It should serve as the foundation methodology for PGO renewable methane certification.

8. Policy Recommendation

Australia should:

1. Formally recognise RSMG as a renewable fuel

2. Adopt CRT as the reference PGO methodology

3. Support RSMG under ARENA, CEFC, and WA programs

4. Enable RSMG‐based baseload renewable power

5. Embed RSMG in industrial precinct decarbonisation frameworks

Clean Energy & Water Technologies (CEWT) – White Paper

© 2025 Clean Energy & Water Technologies Pty Ltd – CEWT Blue Edition (RSMG Version)

9. Conclusion

RSMG from CRT creates a perpetual, renewable, circular energy system powered by

sunlight, seawater, and wind.

Recognising RSMG under PGO will transform Australia’s renewable energy system, enabling

zero‐emission baseload power, decarbonise heavy industry, and position Australia as a global leader in renewable synthetic fuel.