Johor–Singapore Energy Corridor

Johor–Singapore Energy Corridor A proposal for bilateral energy security, economic growth and climate cooperation Discussion draft | October 2026 Proponent: CEWT For consideration by the Government of Malaysia and Singapore’s Energy Market Authority Executive proposal CEWT proposes developing a Johor–Singapore Energy Corridor that combines renewable energy development in Johor with demand for reliable, lower-carbon energy in Singapore and southern Malaysia. The corridor would seek to attract investment, create skilled employment, strengthen energy security and support the growth of industries such as data centres and advanced manufacturing. Its climate objective would be to deliver independently verified emissions reductions compared with the energy supply it replaces. An initial project targeting 20 MW of delivered electricity would establish the commercial and operating model, with potential expansion to 50 MW and 100 MW, subject to demand, infrastructure access and demonstrated performance. CEWT seeks support for a coordinated feasibility programme involving the relevant Malaysian and Singaporean authorities, prospective customers and investment partners. This would establish whether the corridor can deliver competitively priced, dependable energy with credible environmental benefits. Why this opportunity matters Malaysia and Singapore have complementary strengths. Johor offers a potential base for energy production, industrial development and associated infrastructure. Singapore offers substantial energy demand, financing capabilities and an established market for sophisticated energy services. The Johor–Singapore Special Economic Zone provides a relevant setting for this cooperation. Energy and the green economy are among its identified sectors, creating an opportunity to connect industrial growth with energy infrastructure development. The proposed corridor would build on this bilateral direction while establishing its own commercial case and securing the necessary approvals. The proposed corridor The concept links renewable energy supply in Johor with energy storage and dependable electricity generation serving customers in the two countries. CEWT proposes assessing its CRT concept as part of this system. In plain language, CRT would use hydrogen and recovered carbon dioxide to produce a gas fuel that can be stored and used to generate electricity when required. Where practical, useful heat could also support cooling or nearby industrial activity. Its potential contribution is to make renewable energy available beyond the hours when it is produced. The feasibility programme must establish whether the value of storage, reliability and useful heat justifies the additional energy conversion and cost. Two configurations would be assessed: • Generation in Johor, with electricity supplied to Singapore through an approved cross-border arrangement. • Hydrogen supplied from Johor to a Singapore generation facility, where local electricity and cooling benefits could justify the additional infrastructure. Generation in Johor would be the initial focus for electricity export discussions. The final configuration would depend on comparative costs, safety, land availability, customer needs and regulatory acceptance. Benefits for Malaysia The corridor could create a new platform for investment in Johor’s energy and industrial economy. Potential benefits include skilled jobs, workforce development, local business opportunities and long-term revenue from energy production and related services. Reliable energy infrastructure could also support industrial customers in Johor and strengthen the investment proposition of the Special Economic Zone. The Malaysian development case must demonstrate adequate domestic energy provision, responsible use of land and water, and a fair distribution of economic benefits. Benefits for Singapore The corridor could provide an additional source of dependable energy and broaden Singapore’s supply options. For customers such as data centres and advanced manufacturers, the proposed service would combine electricity supply with clearly defined reliability and environmental performance. A Singapore-based configuration could also provide useful cooling, where this is practical and commercially valuable. These benefits would need to be demonstrated against Singapore’s requirements for affordability, security of supply and emissions performance. Climate benefits and credibility The corridor’s environmental value would depend on the emissions of the complete energy supply chain. Renewable energy sourcing, hydrogen production, fuel processing, transport and electricity generation would all be included in an independent assessment. Recovering and reusing carbon dioxide may reduce the need for fresh carbon inputs, but it does not by itself establish zero emissions or permanent carbon removal. The proposal therefore commits to measurable emissions performance, transparent reporting and safeguards against counting the same environmental benefit twice. Establishing technical and economic feasibility The concept combines established energy processes, but their integration into the proposed CRT system requires independent validation. The commercial assessment would focus on the questions most relevant to governments and investors: • Can the project deliver reliable electricity at a price customers will accept? • Can renewable energy and hydrogen be secured on dependable, long-term terms? • Is an approved cross-border delivery route available? • Does the project achieve meaningful lifecycle emissions reductions? • Can private investment support construction and operation under a bankable commercial structure? The assessment would compare the corridor with alternatives, including direct renewable electricity supply supported by storage and other firming arrangements. No investment return, electricity price or emissions reduction should be presented as established until this work is complete. The project should advance only where its combined benefits justify its full delivered cost. Proposed development programme CEWT proposes an initial 90-day feasibility programme, commencing once participants, funding and access to information are agreed. The programme would: 1. Confirm the project configuration, customer requirements and independent technical review. 2. Seek preliminary guidance on Malaysian and Singaporean approval pathways and infrastructure access. 3. Develop comparable cost estimates, commercial terms and lifecycle emissions assessments. 4. Present a recommendation to proceed, redesign or stop, supported by clear evidence. A successful first stage would lead to detailed development of the initial 20 MW project. Expansion would follow demonstrated operating performance, customer commitments and additional infrastructure approvals. Support requested CEWT requests support to convene an initial bilateral scoping discussion and identify appropriate agency focal points. The immediate purpose is to establish a practical route for feasibility assessment, customer engagement and regulatory consultation. Construction funding and investment decisions would follow a separate, evidence-based review. The Johor–Singapore Energy Corridor offers an opportunity to turn complementary national strengths into shared economic and environmental value. A disciplined feasibility programme would establish whether that opportunity can become an investable project.

Beyond sunset- turning solar energy into baseload power and cooling for data centres

At CEWT, we are developing proprietary CRT technology to bring together five objectives: ☀️ Maximise solar utilisation by converting surplus PV electricity into renewable hydrogen and storable fuel for use beyond daylight hours. ♻️ Minimise carbon emissions by capturing and reusing carbon dioxide, with a CO₂ buffer retaining recovered carbon when fuel production pauses. ⚡ Make productive use of renewable hydrogen by converting it into renewable synthetic natural gas (RSNG), creating an energy reserve for electricity generation when needed. 🔋 Minimise battery storage capacity by using stored fuel for longer-duration energy needs, while batteries provide immediate backup and support operating transitions. ❄️ Reduce net fuel consumption for combined power and cooling by recovering useful heat to drive cooling, reducing the need for separately powered chillers. Two coordinated reserves are central to the concept: an RSNG buffer stores energy for later use, while a CO₂ buffer retains recovered carbon for the next fuel-production cycle. Our ambition is dependable power and cooling with the lowest achievable lifecycle carbon emissions, maximum practical use of solar energy and renewable hydrogen, and the least battery capacity consistent with data-centre reliability. Independent validation will establish the actual emissions, energy savings, reliability and delivered cost against current alternatives. #CRT #DataCentres #SolarEnergy #RenewableHydrogen #EnergyStorage #Cooling

An Integrated Solution for Al Data Centres

CEWT proposes a 20 MW behind-the-meter trigeneration demonstration plant in the Latrobe Valley, integrating established gas-engine power generation, waste-heat recovery and absorption cooling technologies, with CEWT’s proprietary Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) as an additional process module. 1. TRIGENERATION PLATFORM (Established Technology – e.g. Clarke Energy)

Carbon Recycling Technology: The Missing Dimension in the Global Net Zero Transition

Carbon Recycling Technology: The Missing Dimension in the Global Net Zero Transition Clean Energy and Water Technologies Pty Ltd (CEWT) | October 2026 Executive perspective Net zero requires more than replacing electricity generation. Countries must also provide dependable industrial energy, replace fossil feedstocks and account for carbon across entire supply chains. CEWT proposes that Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) deserves assessment alongside established pathways: recover carbon after use, regenerate a useful fuel with renewable hydrogen, and circulate that carbon within an integrated industrial system. The case is for disciplined demonstration and fair comparison, with support tied to measured emissions reductions and useful energy services. “Missing dimension” expresses a policy argument for greater attention to integrated carbon loops; it does not imply that carbon utilisation or methanation is new. This article describes technical potential and development priorities, not independently validated CEWT performance, approved funding or demonstrated commercial returns. Why countries struggle to deliver net zero The transition is a coordination problem. Renewable generation, transmission, storage, industrial equipment and customer demand must develop together, often across different approval processes and investment cycles. Capital costs, financing risk, limited infrastructure and uncertainty about who will pay for lower-emissions products can delay otherwise plausible projects. Long-lived industrial assets and the need for reliable energy make conversion particularly difficult. Hydrogen development illustrates the gap between technical ambition and bankable demand. [1] Public funding already supports several complementary routes: renewable electricity and grids; batteries, pumped storage and demand flexibility; efficiency and electrification; renewable hydrogen and derivative fuels; and carbon capture, utilisation or geological storage where appropriate. Australia’s ARENA programs support renewable-energy innovation and deployment, while the National Reconstruction Fund Corporation (NRFC) provides investment finance within its mandate. These pathways address different needs; no single technology resolves every sector’s constraints. [2,3] CEWT CRT and the proposed closed carbon loop The proposed architecture links carbon recovery, hydrogen production, synthetic methane, energy conversion and heat and water integration. In principle, recovered CO₂ and CO can react with hydrogen to produce methane, which can be stored and used before carbon is recovered again. This makes carbon a managed circulating inventory. Real systems will still require make-up inputs and treatment of losses. CEWT’s public material describes this development concept and a proposed Victorian demonstration. [4] CO₂ + 4H2=> CH4 + 2 H2O and CO + 3 H2=> CH4 + H2O This balanced equation combines CO₂ and CO methanation for an equimolar carbon feed. It is a reaction balance, not a complete plant flowsheet. If the available feed is CO₂ alone, the net methanation reaction is CO₂ + 4H₂ → CH₄ + 2H₂O. Any process producing the CO feed must be included in the overall energy and emissions balance.   Carbon inventory is not lifecycle net zero Retaining carbon within a plant boundary can reduce fresh fossil-carbon demand, but it does not by itself establish net zero. The assessment must include the initial carbon charge, make-up carbon, fuel sourcing, venting, purges, methane leakage, start-up and shutdown, imported electricity, equipment manufacture and end-of-life treatment. Capture efficiency at one unit is different from whole-site carbon retention over a year. Combustion still forms CO₂. Its subsequent recovery must be measured rather than assumed. Fossil-derived carbon that eventually escapes remains an emission; recycling it delays release and may displace fresh fuel, but is not permanent removal. Atmospheric or sustainably sourced biogenic carbon can change the accounting, subject to supply-chain impacts and consistent boundaries. An independent lifecycle assessment must prevent double counting of captured carbon and avoided emissions. The IEA similarly identifies carbon source, displaced product and retention time as central to utilisation’s climate value. [5] Renewable hydrogen supplies the energy Carbon is a carrier in this loop, not an energy source that can be regenerated without an external input. Electrolysis requires substantial electricity. For an illustrative engineering calculation, assume 55 kWh per kg of hydrogen, consistent with the US Department of Energy’s published PEM system status benchmark; this is not a CEWT measured value or a guaranteed procurement specification. [6] The mixed-feed equation requires approximately 0.44 kg H₂ per kg of methane. At the stated assumption, hydrogen production alone therefore consumes about 24 kWh per kg of methane. A CO₂-only route requires about 0.50 kg H₂, or 28 kWh per kg of methane. These are stoichiometric illustrations before losses, CO preparation, capture, gas conditioning, compression and other site loads. Renewable generation and electrolyser sizing must follow hourly operating schedules, not merely annual energy matching. RSNG storage and firming Recycled synthetic natural gas (RSNG), used here to mean methane regenerated from recovered carbon, could store renewable energy for dispatch when wind or solar output is low. The design must establish storage pressure or liquefaction needs, usable inventory, gas quality, leakage controls and generator compatibility. Existing gas infrastructure cannot be assumed available or suitable without technical and regulatory checks. Electricity-to-hydrogen-to-methane-to-electricity conversion incurs losses at each stage. Its value therefore depends on the duration and reliability service required, storage cost and useful heat demand. Batteries, direct hydrogen storage, demand response and grid supply should be tested against the same service specification. Stored methane can provide dispatchability; it does not establish self-sufficient operation without adequate renewable recharge energy and reserve inventory. Recovering methanation heat Methanation is exothermic. Recoverable heat could serve process heating or, at suitable temperatures, absorption cooling and other thermal duties. Heat integration may reduce purchased energy, but the recoverable quantity and value depend on reactor conditions, heat-exchanger performance and coincident demand. Thermal energy cannot be counted as electrical output: report net electricity, useful heat and cooling separately, with each credit tied to a real displaced service.   Two Australian applications to test Victoria | 20 MW trigeneration. CEWT’s proposed Latrobe Valley data-centre demonstration offers a setting to assess electricity, heating and cooling integration. [4] A feasibility study should define whether 20 MW denotes gross generation, net export or customer load; quantify capture and electrolysis loads; and reconcile renewable supply, storage duration and cooling demand. An assumed continuous 20 MW net electrical service would deliver 175.2 GWh annually before outages, not a forecast of project output. Reliability, water demand, noise and local permitting require site-specific assessment. Western Australia | Boodarie power and green iron. The application considered here is an integrated concept, not a verified project commitment. Firm power and recovered heat could support an industrial precinct, while hydrogen-rich reducing gas could serve ironmaking. A carbon-containing reduction route would require recovery of CO₂ from process gas and management of carbon in product, dust and purge streams. Compare it with direct hydrogen reduction and alternative firm-power options using the same iron quality, production rate and emissions boundary. No Boodarie capacity, partner agreement or performance outcome is assumed. A measured funding case for NRFC and ARENA Technology-neutral assessment should compare outcomes while respecting each institution’s mandate. ARENA’s Advancing Renewables Program requires a clear renewable-energy nexus. NRFC offers investment finance rather than grants and assesses mandate fit, investment merit and risk. Potential relevance is not eligibility or approval; proponents must check current guidelines and obtain formal assessment. [2,3] • Fund evidence in stages. Begin with independently reviewed mass, energy and carbon balances and a lifecycle baseline. Progress to an instrumented pilot and integrated demonstration only after agreed technical and safety milestones. • Compare equivalent services. Assess lifecycle cost per tonne of CO₂-equivalent avoided, dependable power, useful thermal output and product quality against credible alternatives. Publish sensitivity to electricity price, utilisation, hydrogen cost, capture performance and methane leakage. • Make verification contractual. Require metered imports and exports, carbon closure, availability, parasitic loads, start-up emissions and catalyst durability. Test realistic renewable variability and require independent review of results. • Match capital to risk. Consider eligible ARENA support for renewable integration and demonstration learning, and NRFC finance for qualifying, investable industrial capability. Seek customer offtake and private co-investment; avoid support premised on unverified zero-emissions or profitability claims. Conclusion CRT merits a place in net zero assessment where circular carbon, energy storage and industrial heat create measurable system value. CEWT’s strongest case is a transparent demonstration program that establishes what can be retained, what energy must be supplied, what emissions remain and what customers will pay. Funding should follow that evidence. References [1] IEA, Global Hydrogen Review 2025, executive summary. iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2025/executive-summary [2] ARENA, Advancing Renewables Program and current guidelines. arena.gov.au/funding/advancing-renewables-program/ [3] NRFC, Investment guidance. nrf.gov.au/what-we-do/investment-guidance [4] CEWT, public CRT and 20 MW demonstration overview, October 2026. cewttech.com/ (proponent material, not independent validation). [5] IEA, Putting CO₂ to Use (2019). iea.org/reports/putting-co2-to-use [6] US DOE, Technical Targets for PEM Electrolysis, system efficiency table. energy.gov/cmei/fuels/technical-targets-proton-exchange-membrane-electrolysis

CEWT's 20 MW CRT Trigeneration — A Potential Game Changer for Data Centr

CEWT's 20 MW CRT Trigeneration — A Potential Game Changer for Data Centres CEWT's proposed 20 MW Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT)-based Trigeneration system has the potential to be a game changer for data centres and future baseload power generation, delivering reliable electricity, integrated cooling and substantially reduced carbon emissions. Unlike conventional natural-gas power generation, CRT is designed to recover CO₂ and convert it back into Recycled Synthetic Natural Gas (RSNG) using hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and renewable hydrogen. The regenerated methane is continuously recycled within the integrated thermodynamic system, reducing the requirement for fresh fossil carbon. The proposed system combines: • 20 MW of continuous power generation • A targeted 91% overall trigeneration efficiency • Integrated heat recovery and data centre cooling • CO₂ recovery, methanation and RSNG recycling • Water recovery and reuse The fundamental objective is not merely to capture carbon emissions but to recycle carbon back into the fuel from which it originated. For the rapidly expanding AI data centre industry, this represents a potential pathway towards reliable, grid-independent power with significantly lower lifecycle carbon emissions. The same principle can be extended to larger baseload power generation and energy-intensive industrial applications. The future of sustainable energy is not simply about replacing fossil fuels. It is also about recycling carbon while progressively replacing fossil energy with renewable energy. Clean Energy and Water Technologies Pty Ltd (CEWT) #CarbonRecycling #Trigeneration #DataCentres #CleanEnergy #BaseloadPower #Hydrogen #Decarbonisation #EnergyInnovation