The thermodynamics of the sun that made CRT possible!

Thermodynamics of Solar Energy – Foundation for CRT Solar energy represents high-quality, low-entropy radiation from a ~5778 K source (the Sun). When this radiation reaches Earth (~288 K), it enables the conversion of radiant energy into mechanical, electrical, or chemical work — within the boundaries of thermodynamics. CEWT’s Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) leverages this thermodynamic gradient by using renewable electricity (derived from solar or other renewables) to recycle CO2 into Renewable Natural Gas (RNG), thus creating a perpetual, zero-emission energy cycle. 1. Solar-to-Earth Thermodynamic Flow Sun (5778 K, low entropy photons)  high-exergy shortwave (VIS/UV/IR) Atmosphere (scattering, absorption)  Surface (~288 K)  absorption → heat, electricity, chemical energy Work (engines, PV) + Heat (oceans, buildings)  Re-radiation to space (~300 K, high-entropy IR) The key thermodynamic insight is that sunlight arrives as high-temperature, low-entropy radiation and leaves as low-temperature, high-entropy radiation — the entropy increase drives all renewable processes, from winds and hydrology to photosynthesis and CRT itself. 2. Example: Solar-Thermal Engine at 600 °C Parameter Value / Description Receiver Temperature (5778K) T1 600 C = 873 K Ambient Temperature ( 30 C) T2 300 K Carnot Efficiency  = 1 − T2/T1= 65.6% Optical × Thermal × Powerbock × Storage  0.85 × 0.90 × 0.40 × 0.95 = ~30% overall Effective Power Output ~260–280 W/m² at 900 W/m² input 3. Exergy of Sunlight (Petula Efficiency) For sunlight treated as blackbody radiation from T= 5778 K and sink at T= 300 K, the theoretical exergy fraction is:  = 1 − (4/3) (T1/T2) + (1/3)(T1/T2)  93%. This explains why solar-derived renewable energy extremely high work potential, which CRT harnesses to recycle carbon continuously using renewable electricity. 4. Connection to Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) In CEWT’s Carbon Recycling Technology, renewable electricity (originating from solar, wind, or other renewables) is used to produce hydrogen through electrolysis. This hydrogen reacts with captured CO2 to form Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) via methanation. The RNG is combusted to produce power, and the emitted CO2 is recaptured — forming a closed carbon loop. Thus, the solar thermodynamic gradient is the ultimate energy driver sustaining perpetual carbon recycling.