Australia's Guarantee of Origin (GO) Scheme Alignment Statement

Australia’s Guarantee of Origin (GO) Scheme Alignment Statement Clean Energy & Water Technologies Pty Ltd (CEWT) has designed Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) as a fully GO-ready, net-zero industrial platform aligned with Australia’s Hydrogen Guarantee of Origin (H₂-GO), Renewable Electricity GO (REGO), and Product GO frameworks. CRT provides auditable, meter-based accounting of hydrogen, renewable electricity, CO₂ capture, RNG production, and exported electricity. This structure naturally supports the GO scheme’s requirement for transparent emissions-intensity reporting. 1. Alignment with Hydrogen Product GO CRT integrates SMR-derived hydrogen and renewable electrolysis while capturing and recycling all CO₂ into renewable methane (RNG). Renewable electricity used for electrolysis is supported by REGOs, enabling low-emissions hydrogen suitable for Product GO certification. 2. Alignment with Renewable Electricity GO (REGO) CRT imports renewable electricity for electrolyzer backed by REGOs̶ and operates a 135 MW GTCC on renewable methane generated within the closed carbon loop. This enables firm, continuous baseload renewable power with traceable carbon intensity per MWh. 3. Alignment with Product GO for Low-Carbon Fuels & Green Metals CRT’s closed-loop CO₂ ledger supports carbon-footprint allocation for RNG, green iron, and steel. Emissions per GJ RNG or per ton HBI/steel are CBAM-ready and aligned with Product GO’s expansion into low-carbon industrial products. 4. CO₂ Ledger and Mass-Balance Transparency CRT maintains a full stocks-and-flows CO₂ ledger with meter-level traceability, aligning with GO requirements for boundary-defined, auditable emissions accounting. Summary CRT enables low-emissions hydrogen (Product GO), renewable electricity certification (REGO), and low-carbon industrial products (Product GO). Its closed-loop design positions Western Australia as a global leader in GO-certified clean energy and green industry.

How renewable Hydrogen is generated 24/7 ?

 Green Hydrogen Baseload Briefing – Comparison, Analysis & CRT Solution

A) Comparison Table – Global Green Hydrogen Projects & Baseload Strategy

Global observations: No major project today achieves true 24/7 renewable baseload power

for electrolysers. Most rely on grid stabilisation, PPAs, or hybrid renewable systems.

PROJECT | ELECTROLYSER SIZE | POWER SOURCE | TRUE 24/7 BASELOAD? | NOTES

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NEOM (Saudi Arabia) | ~600 MW electrolysis (4 GW renewables) | Dedicated solar + wind +

storage | Closest, but unproven | Not yet operating; hybrid smoothing still required.

Shell Holland Hydrogen 1 | 200 MW | Offshore wind | No | Variability requires modulation

or grid fallback.

REFHYNE 2 (Germany) | 100 MW | Grid + solar/wind PPAs | No | Renewable claims via

certificates; physical baseload from grid.

Iberdrola Puertollano (Spain) | 20 MW | 100 MW solar + 20 MWh battery | No | Solar-only

cannot supply night-time; the grid may supplement.

Air Liquide Normandy | 200 MW | Grid + PPAs | No | Commercial reliance on grid stability.

Denham H2 Microgrid (WA) | 250 kW | Solar + H2 storage | Micro-scale only | Demonstrates

concept, not industrially scalable.

B) CEWT Briefing Note – Why Global Green Hydrogen Projects Still Struggle

With Baseload & How CRT Solves It

1. Global Baseload Challenge

Electrolysers require stable, continuous power for economic operation. Pure wind/solar

cannot meet 24/7 requirements due to intermittency and storage limitations.

2. Current Industry Workarounds

- Grid supply (common)

- PPAs for 'book-and-claim' renewable matching

- Hybrid wind+solar systems with limited storage

None delivers a true physical baseload.

3. Lack of Large-Scale Success

NEOM, Shell Holland, REFHYNE, and others are not yet demonstrating 24/7 renewable energy

electrolysis.

4. How CRT Solves the Gap

CRT produces renewable methane (RNG) that can be stored and used in a zero-emission

combined-cycle system to provide continuous power:

- Baseload renewable electricity

- Long-duration energy storage in carbon form

- High utilisation electrolysers, lowering cost/kg H2

5. Strategic Advantage for WA

CRT enables firm, renewable baseload power co-located with hydrogen hubs, unlocking

green steel, ammonia, and critical minerals.

C) Executive Summary Paragraph

Today, no large-scale green hydrogen project globally operates on genuine 24/7 renewable

baseload power. All depend on the grid, PPAs, or hybrid wind–solar systems that remain

intermittent. CEWT’s Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) fills this global gap by producing

a storable renewable fuel that drives a zero-emission combined-cycle plant, delivering true

renewable baseload electricity and enabling electrolysers to run at high utilisation—a capability unmatched internationally!

 Clean Energy & Water Technologies (CEWT) – White Paper

© 2025 Clean Energy & Water Technologies Pty Ltd – CEWT Blue Edition (RSMG Version)

RSMG as a Renewable Fuel

CEWT Policy White Paper (2025)

Executive Summary

Australia is entering a decisive decade where electrification alone cannot deliver deep

industrial decarbonisation. Heavy industry, steelmaking, mining, and baseload power

generation require renewable, storable, dispatchable fuels that work within existing

thermal systems.

Renewable Synthetic Methane Gas (RSMG)—produced from captured CO2 and renewable

hydrogen through CEWT’s Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT)—provides Australia with a

new class of zero‐fossil‐input, closed‐loop, perpetual renewable fuel.

This white paper outlines the scientific, policy, and regulatory basis for recognising RSMG as

an eligible renewable fuel under the Product Guarantee of Origin (PGO) scheme.

1. Introduction: The Need for Renewable Fuels Beyond Electricity

Electrification cannot support:

• 24/7 industrial power

• Firming and grid stability

• High‐temperature industrial heat

• Non‐electrifiable processes

• Large‐scale energy storage

RSMG fills these gaps using existing gas infrastructure and renewable hydrogen inputs.

Clean Energy & Water Technologies (CEWT) – White Paper

© 2025 Clean Energy & Water Technologies Pty Ltd – CEWT Blue Edition (RSMG Version)

2. What is RSMG Under CEWT’s Carbon Recycling Technology?

RSMG under CRT is produced from captured CO2 and renewable hydrogen.

This forms a perpetual carbon loop:

Combustion → CO2 → Capture → Methanation → RSMG → Combustion.

Hydrogen provides the energy. Carbon atoms recycle indefinitely.

3. Why RSMG Must Be Recognised as a Renewable Fuel

• Zero fossil inputs

• Aligned with global synthetic methane definitions

• Compatible with turbines, pipelines, LNG, and industrial furnaces

• Provides dispatchable renewable energy

• Enables deep decarbonisation across steel, alumina, cement, and mining

4. CEWT CRT and the GO Framework

PGO is the correct certification pathway because RSMG is a renewable manufactured

product with clear system boundaries. CRT provides a complete, verifiable methodology for

renewable methane certification.

5. Alignment with Australia’s Net Zero Plan (2025)

RSMG advances all national priorities:

1. Clean electricity across the economy

2. Electrification and efficiency

Clean Energy & Water Technologies (CEWT) – White Paper

© 2025 Clean Energy & Water Technologies Pty Ltd – CEWT Blue Edition (RSMG Version)

3. Expansion of clean fuels

4. Acceleration of new technologies

5. Large‐scale carbon removals

6. Strategic Advantages for Australia

• Establishes Australia as the first nation to certify renewable synthetic methane

• Enables green steel, green metals, and renewable industrial heat

• Strengthens national energy security

• Creates renewable, storable baseload power

• Opens export markets for certified RSMG

7. CRT as the Foundation Methodology

CRT is mass‐balanced, closed‐loop, zero‐fossil, industrial‐scale, infrastructure‐compatible

and ready for regulatory adoption.

It should serve as the foundation methodology for PGO renewable methane certification.

8. Policy Recommendation

Australia should:

1. Formally recognise RSMG as a renewable fuel

2. Adopt CRT as the reference PGO methodology

3. Support RSMG under ARENA, CEFC, and WA programs

4. Enable RSMG‐based baseload renewable power

5. Embed RSMG in industrial precinct decarbonisation frameworks

Clean Energy & Water Technologies (CEWT) – White Paper

© 2025 Clean Energy & Water Technologies Pty Ltd – CEWT Blue Edition (RSMG Version)

9. Conclusion

RSMG from CRT creates a perpetual, renewable, circular energy system powered by

sunlight, seawater, and wind.

Recognising RSMG under PGO will transform Australia’s renewable energy system, enabling

zero‐emission baseload power, decarbonise heavy industry, and position Australia as a global leader in renewable synthetic fuel.

The future belongs to Untegrated Engineering - and CRT is leading the way.

 The Future Belongs to Integrated Engineering — and CRT Is Leading the way

Clean Energy and Water Technologies (CEWT)

For more than a century, industries have evolved in silos.

- Mechanical engineers built our machines.

- Electrical engineers built our power systems.

- Chemical engineers built our industrial plants.

- Electronics engineers built communication networks.

- Electrochemical engineers built batteries and electrolysers.

- Computer scientists built the digital world around us.

Each discipline operated independently, solving problems within its own sphere.

But the challenges of today — especially the challenge of clean, reliable, zero‐emission

energy — cannot be solved by one discipline alone.

We are entering a new era where chemistry, electricity, mechanics, and electrochemistry,

electronics, and computation must operate as one unified system.

This is the real future of engineering.

And this is exactly where Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) comes in.

CRT is not simply a chemical process. It is not just a power engineering system, nor an

electrolysis project. It is a complete integration of all major engineering disciplines:

- Chemical → SMR, syngas, methanation, carbon cycles

- Electrical → GTCC baseload power, renewable balancing

- Electrochemical → hydrogen generation and trimming

- Mechanical → reactors, compressors, heat integration

- Electronics & control → automation, instrumentation

- Computer interface → optimisation, modelling, system intelligence

This is why CRT feels new to the world. It did not emerge from a single engineering

Tradition — it emerged from integration, the very thing the future demands.

The next generation of global infrastructure will not be chemical, or electrical, or

mechanical — it will be all of them together, guided by digital intelligence.

CRT is one of the first technologies to demonstrate this future.

Integrated thinking is no longer optional. It is the foundation for the next industrial era.

— Ahilan Raman

Clean Energy and Water Technologies (CEWT)

The End-use Crisis in Hydrogen- Why the world Needs CRT!

 CEWT – Clean Energy & Water Technologies Pty Ltd

The End-Use Crisis in Hydrogen — Why the World Needs CRT

1. The Global Hydrogen Paradox

Governments and industries worldwide are investing billions into hydrogen

production—electrolysers, hubs, export terminals, and pipelines. Yet a fundamental question

remains unanswered:

What is the final, scalable end-use of hydrogen?

Despite massive investment, no universal, commercially viable, large-scale end-use pathway exists

today. The world is producing hydrogen without a plan for how to use it.

2. Why Current Hydrogen Carriers Are Only Detours

Ammonia

- Requires energy-intensive nitrogen separation.

- Cracking back to hydrogen is costly and inefficient (40–50% energy loss).

- Produces NOx on combustion.

- Toxicity and safety concerns limit wide adoption.

- Converting ammonia to urea requires adding carbon—defeating the purpose.

Methanol & Liquid Organic Carriers

- Methanol fuel cells remain niche and cannot scale to grid-level energy.

- Liquid carriers (MCH, others) are complex, catalyst-dependent, and inefficient.

Liquid or Compressed Hydrogen

- Extreme cryogenic temperatures (−253°C) or very high pressures are required.

- Boil-off losses, material embrittlement, and major safety risks.

- Not economical at the industrial or national scale.

Conclusion: All existing hydrogen carriers add cost, energy loss, and complexity. They solve none of

the long-term stability, storage, or combustion challenges.

3. The Missing Piece: A Practical, Scalable Hydrogen End-Use

Industry wants a fuel that:

- Burns stably.

- Works in existing turbines and infrastructure.

- Stores easily.

- Transports safely.

- Scales to baseload power.

Hydrogen alone does not meet these requirements. Methane does. But methane only becomes

climate-compatible if the carbon is kept in a closed loop.

4. CRT: The Only Complete End-Use Pathway for Hydrogen

Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT) solves the end-use crisis by providing hydrogen with its

natural and universal carrier: carbon.

CRT Converts Renewable Hydrogen into Renewable Methane (RNG)

- Perfect combustion properties.

- Fully compatible with all existing gas turbines.

- Uses global gas infrastructure without modification.

- Enables true 24/7 renewable baseload power.

- Stores and transports easily and safely.

- Eliminates reliance on ammonia, methanol, cryogenic hydrogen, or detours.

Most importantly:

CRT keeps carbon permanently inside a closed loop.

No CO2 escapes. No atmospheric accumulation. No external emissions.

This transforms methane into a renewable, perpetual, zero-emission energy carrier.

5. Solar Energy: The Ultimate Fuel, Delivered Through CRT

Solar energy is the ultimate, universally accepted renewable fuel. But the world lacks a scalable,

practical pathway to deliver solar energy directly to industries, businesses, and homes.

CRT provides the simplest, most established, and technically proven pathway to convert solar

power into a usable, dispatchable fuel.

By converting solar-derived hydrogen into renewable methane and recycling carbon indefinitely,

CRT transforms intermittent sunlight into a continuous, stable, transportable energy source.

6. Why the World Needs CRT Now

The hydrogen industry faces a structural bottleneck: massive production with no viable end-use

pathway. CRT resolves this crisis by providing:

- A stable hydrogen end-use.

- A fully scalable renewable fuel.

- Immediate grid and industrial compatibility.

- A true zero-emission closed-carbon cycle.

- A practical alternative to all detour carriers.

CRT is not another hydrogen technology—it is the missing system that makes the entire hydrogen

economy viable.

CEWT – Clean Energy & Water Technologies Pty Ltd

Advancing true zero-emission energy through Carbon Recycling Technology (CRT)